春天是万物复苏的季节，也是各种传染性疾病高发的时节，由于空气干燥、天气多变等原因，特别容易引发孩子感染流行感冒、腹泻等疾病，家长朋友们别担心，这里有春季传染病的预防及措施，快快收藏吧。
Spring is the season of rebirth for all things, but it is also a time where many infectious diseases come about, due to the dry air and changing weather. Therefore, it is very easy for children to contract diseases such as the flu and diarrhea. However, parents and friends need not worry! There are many things you can do to prevent the spread of infectious diseases during spring time.
流行性感冒 Flu 风险等级：高 Risk level: High
疾病特点：流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染，传染性强、传播速度快。主要通过飞沫、直接或间接接触传播。症状是急起高热、全身疼痛、显著乏力和轻度呼吸道症状。三月气温多变，且群众外出游玩等活动增加，春季应重点注意流行性感冒等呼吸道传染病。
Disease Characteristics: The flu is an acute respiratory infection caused by the infleunza virus. It is very contagious. It is mainly transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected droplets. Symptoms include high fever, body aches, fatigue, and sinus issues.
预防措施：接种流感疫苗为预防流行性感冒最切实有效的措施；根据气温变化，及时增减衣服；保持室内空气流通，尽量少去人群聚集场所；注意个人卫生，勤洗手；出现可疑症状及时就医。
Preventive measures: The flu vaccine is the most effective measure to preventing the flu. You can also protect from the flu by washing your hands with soap, wearing appropriate amounts of clothing, maintaining good air circulation, and avoiding crowds. See a doctor for any suspicious symptoms.
诺如病毒感染性腹泻 Norovirus infectious diarrhea 风险等级：高 Risk level: High
疾病特点：诺如病毒感染性腹泻是由诺如病毒引起的病毒性胃肠道疾病，具有发病急、传播速度快等特点，冬春季高发。诺如病毒传染性强，以粪—口途径传播为主。感染后主要症状是腹泻、呕吐、发热等，患者通常1～2天即可痊愈，但抵抗力弱的老年人在感染病毒后病情容易恶化。
Disease characteristics: Norovirus infectious diarrhea is a viral gastrointestinal disease caused by the Norovirus. It transmits fast, especially during fall and spring. It is highly infectious and is mainly spread via the fecal-oral route. Main symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Patients usually recover within 1-2 days. Elderly people with weak immune systems are prone to deterioration after being infected with the virus.
预防措施：保持勤洗手的良好卫生习惯；提倡喝开水，不吃生和半生的食物，尤其禁止生食贝类等水产品，生吃瓜果要洗净，老人、小孩等抵抗力弱的人群要格外注意。
Preventive measures: Maintain good hygiene habits of washing hands frequently; drink boiled water, do not eat raw and semi-raw food, especially raw shellfish. All food that is to be eaten raw should be thoroughly cleaned. Children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems should pay special attention.
手足口病 Hand, foot and mouth disease 风险等级：高 Risk level: High
疾病特点：手足口病是婴儿和儿童的一种常见传染病病，以发热、口腔溃疡和手掌、足底或臀部出现疱疹为特征。主要通过接触病人和无症状病毒携带者的咽喉分泌物、病人疱疹液和粪便等途径感染。
Disease characteristics: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common infection in infants and young children. It is characterized by fever, mouth sores, and blisters on the palms of hands, soles of feet, and/or buttocks. It is mainly spread via contact with throat secretions from asymptomatic carriers.
预防措施：儿童及看护人员要勤洗手；室内常通风，勤晒衣被；儿童餐具要常消毒；不要让儿童喝生水、吃生冷食物；不宜带儿童到人群聚集的公共场所；避免接触患病儿童。
Preventative measures: Wash hands with soap frequently, keep indoor areas well-ventilated, wash bedding often, disinfect tableware, do not drink “raw” water or eat cold or raw food. Avoid crowds and contact with sick children.
水痘 Chicken pox 风险等级：中 Risk Level: Medium
疾病特点：水痘是由水痘—带状疱疹病毒感染引起的急性传染病，主要通过空气飞沫经呼吸道和直接接触疱疹的疱浆而传染，传染性强，冬春季高发，是儿童最常见的传染病之一。水痘以发热及成批出现周身性红色斑丘疹、疱疹、痂 疹为特征。
Disease characteristics: Chicken pox is an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is mainly spread through air droplets and it is highly contagious, and especially prevalent during winter and spring. It is one of the most common infectious diseases among children. It is characterized by fever and small red bumps covering the body.
预防措施：注意个人卫生，勤洗手；加强通风，保持室 内空气流通；家长及老师要注重晨检，出现可疑症状及时就 医；病人需隔离治疗，待全部疱疹结痂后（不得少于 2 周） 方可解除隔离；可适时接种水痘疫苗。
Preventive measures: Wash hands with soap frequently and keep indoor areas well-ventilated. Parents and teachers should pay attention to children’s morning examination and immediately report and suspicious symptoms. Patients need to be treated in isolation until all sores are gone (about two weeks). There is a chicken pox vaccine.
肠道传染病 Intestinal infectious disease 风险等级：中 Risk Level: Medium
疾病特点：肠道传染病是指一组由细菌、病毒等引起的急性肠道传染病，常见的有诺如病毒感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒以及其他感染性腹泻等。肠道传染病主要经粪－口途径传播，人群普遍易感。
Disease characteristics: Intestinal infectious diseases refer to a group of acute intestinal infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, such as Norovirus infectious diarrhea, bacterial dysentery, typhoid, paratyphoid and other infectious diarrhea. Intestinal infectious diseases are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and large crowds are more susceptible.
预防措施：养成良好的卫生习惯，饭前便后要洗手；把好病从口入关，注意饮水和和饮食卫生，提倡喝开水，喝开水；加强食堂食品卫生安全管理，生熟制品要分开切配，食物烧熟煮透，慎用凉拌菜；剩饭菜要防止苍蝇叮爬食物，加热后再吃，生食瓜果蔬菜要洗净。
Preventative measures: Frequently wash hands with soap, drink a lot of water (preferably boiled), strengthen food preparation disinfection.
